Citation styles

Commonly used in the social sciences.  It is based on the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, currently in its 7th edition. APA is usually easy to recognize because it follows the author-date format for referencing. 

Resources:

Publication manual of the American Psychological Association 2020

• The official guide to the APA style.

APA Style.org  (American Psychological Association)

• A website with training resources, quick answers for referencing and much more.

APA Style Citations

• The tutorial from Kwantlen Polytechnic University covers why it is important to use citations, elements of common source types, and how to create reference and in-text citations based on the 7th edition APA guidelines. This tutorial can also be used a reference resource.

Online Writing Lab (OWL) APA Formatting and Style Guide

• An in-depth guide created by Purdue University.  Provides coverage of in-text citations and references, as well as numerous tips.

Commonly used in the humanities, as well as in other disciplines.  It is based on The Chicago Manual of Style, currently in its 17th edition.  Traditionally, Chicago follows a notes and bibliography system; references are numbered and added either as a footnote or endnote with the complete bibliography at the end of the work. The 17th edition also offers instructions on the use of the Chicago author-date method.

Resources:

Chicago Manual of Style

• Official Chicago Manual of Style, available online through the library (17th edition). 

Chicago Style Citations

• The tutorial covers why it is important to use citations, elements of common source types, and how to create footnotes or endnotes and bibliographic citations based on the 17th edition of the Chicago Manual of Style.

Online Writing Lab (OWL) Chicago Formatting and Style Guides.

• An in-depth guide created by Purdue University.  Provides coverage of referencing techniques and bibliographies, as well as numerous tips.

Commonly used in the arts and humanities. The MLA Handbook is now at its 9th edition. 

Resources:

The MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers

• For undergraduate students

The MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing

• For graduate students, scholars and professional writers

MLA Bibliography - 9th Edition

• The tutorial developed by Kwantlen Polytechnic University covers why it is important to use citations, elements of common source types, and how to create works cited and in-text citations based on the 9th edition MLA guidelines. This tutorial can also be used a reference resource.

MLA Style Center

• Official MLA website. Provide some instructions and examples by format.

Online Writing Lab (OWL) MLA Formatting and Style Guide

• An in-depth guide created by Purdue University.  Provides coverage of in-text citations and references, as well as numerous tips.